The links below provide a broad supplement to the MSEC technology program. They will lead you to articles, tutorials, product information and software downloads.  This page should be particularly useful for the course 20-763, Electronic Payment Systems.  For unfamiliar terminology you may also want to consult one of the glossaries under the heading General.  This page is maintained by shamos+@cs.cmu.edu and is still under construction.  Please report omissions and dead links to the author.  © 2001 Michael I. Shamos.

Topics covered:

Barter and Countertrade
Checking
Clearing and Settlement Systems
Credit and Debit Cards
Electronic Banking
Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment
Electronic Cash
Electronic Payment Systems
Electronic Purses
Email and Peer-to-Peer Payment Systems
Escrow Services
Foreign Exchange
General
Micropayments
Miscellaneous Technology
Postage
Protocols
Risk Management
Security
Standards

Articles

Countertrade
Countertrade Term Definitions (American Coutertrade Association)

FAQ
Barter FAQ

Glossaries

Lists of links
Barter (Roy Davies)

Organizations
Barter-Online (UK)
Bartercard (Australia)
Global Barter Business
International Reciprocal Trade Association (IRTA)

Statistics
Barter statistics (International Reciprocal Trade Association)

Tutorials

Articles

Check Clearing
ECCHO (Electronic Check Clearing House Organization)
Electronic Check Council

Glossaries

Lists of Links

Products
eCheck
Mandate Electronic Cheque
NetCheque
NetChex
OnLine Check Systems
RediCheck (iTransact)

Tutorials

Articles
Direct Payment Market Analysis (NACHA)

CHIPS
CHIPS
Fedpoint 36: CHIPS (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)

Clearing Houses
Electronic Payments Network (EPN)
NACHA

FAQ

Fedwire
Fedpoint 43: Fedwire (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)
Fedwire System (banx.com)

Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve System (wcsu.edu)
Twelve Federal Reserve Districts (Federal Reserve)

Glossaries
ACH Acronyms

Lists of Links
Clearing House Web Sites

Manuals
Bank Secrecy Act Examination Manual (Federal Reserve) Explains various settlement systems

Statistics
ACH Statistics Fact Sheet 1989-1998 (NACHA)
Average ACH Return Times (NACHA)
Governmentwide Treasury-Disbursed Cumulative Payment Volume (FMS)
TARGET statistics

Tutorials
ACH High-Level Overview (CheckFree Corp.)
Automated Clearing Houses (ACH) (Federal Reserve Bank of NY)
What is NACHA?
Overview of RTGS Systems (IFCI Risk Institute)

Statistics

Systems
ClearCommerce
CyberCash
CyberSource (real-time credit-card processing)
ICverify (credit card verification)
Mastercard
PaylinX
Secure800
VISA Cash

Tutorials
Bankcard 101 (National Processing Company)
Credit Cards 101 (Payment Processing Inc.)
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About CC's (Joe Ziegler)

VISA
Accepting VISA Cards
VISA Internet Payment Gateway

Articles
Electronic Money and its Impact on Retail Banking (Hitachi)
Technological Innovation in Banking and Payments (Furst et al.)

ATM
PULSE Network

Banks
Bank of Scotland
BankNet (UK)
Deutsche Bank (Germany)
Global Village Bank
Hansabank (Estonia)
Lloyds Bank (UK)
Mercantile Bank (formerly Mark Twain)
PNC Bank
Security First Network Bank (Internet savings bank)

Lists of Links
Electronic Banking Resource Center (Scott Richards, Ohio State)

Organizations
Electronic Funds Transfer Association (EFTA)

Products/Services
Integrion
Products/Services (eFunds Corporation)
Software & Internet Solutions (NACHA)

Tutorials
Banks and Banking (www.channel 2000.com)
Electronic Money (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago)
Online Banking (computercurrents.com)
On-Line Banking (O'Brien & Melsheimer)

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment

Lists of Links
Council for Electornic Billing and Payment

Products/Services
CheckFree
TransPoint
VISA ePay

Tutorials
Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) Business Practices (NACHA)
Overview of Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Operating Models (NACHA)
What EBPP Is (NACHA)

Articles
Consumer Benefits of Digital Money (Hartigan et al.)
Cryptography of Electronic Cash (Law et al.)
Electronic Cash (Brands) Latest cryptographic techniques
Electronic cash articles of Stefan Brands
Electronic Cash: Current Status and Outlook (Lin)
Stefan Brands' System of Digital Cash (Grabbe) Thorough and complicated.  Don't despair!
Unintended Consequences of E-cash (Froomkin)

FAQ
E-money mini-FAQ (Jim Miller)

Glossaries

Lists of links
Digital Cash, Network Payment, and Online Banking (Varian's list)
Digital Currencies and Related Information (From Telecom Information Resources on the Internet)
Digital Money (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
Electronic Cash (Bernkopf)
Electronic Money (Kingwood College Librar)

Systems
CAFE
CAFE (status)
CyberCash
DigiCash
eCash demo
e-gold
Mark Twain Banks and ecash
NetPay
PayMe
TipJar

Tutorials
Electronic Money in the United States (Goldfinger)
Electronic Money, or E-Money, and Digital Cash (Roy Davies)
Getting Paid: Taking Orders Over the Internet (EarthWeb.com) Excellent overview.  Explains the Chaum double-spending protocol

Articles
Cybermoney

Systems
eTRUST
GlobeID
Open Market
Payment Net (outsourcing vendor)

Articles
Electronic Purses (Leo Van Hove)
Electronic Purses: Which Way to Go?  (Leo Van Hove)
Security Features of Germany's GeldKarte

Systems
Mondex
Mondex International: Reeingineering Money (London School of Economics)

Wallets
AG aus Sicherheit: Smart Card Wallets (Christian Schwaiger)
Electronic Purse Schemes

Systems
Achex
CertaPay
c2it (Citibank)
ecount
emoneymail
ePocketCash
Fidesic Quickpay
gMoney
MagnaCash
MoneyZap
Nochex
Paybox
Payingfast
PayMode
ProPay
SendCash
Yahoo! PayDirect

Systems
Tradenable

Articles
Central Bank Payment and Settlement Services with Respect to Cross-Border and Multi-Currency Transactions (Bank for International Settlements)
Continuous Linked Settlement: Reshaping Global FX (C. Kronseder)
Developments in the FX Markets (Olsen & Associates)
Foreign Exchange Markets: Structure and Systemic Risks (Laura A. Kodres)
Management of Operational Risks in Foreign Exchange (Arthur Magnus, J.P. Morgan) very advanced
Payments, Clearance, and Settlement: A Guide to the Systems, Risks, and Issues (GAO)
Real-Time Gross Settlement Systems (Bank for Internatinal Settlements)
Settlement Risk in Foreign Exchange Transactions (Allsopp Report)
Supervisory Guidance for Managing Settlement Risk in Foreign Exchange Transactions (pdf from Basel Committee on Banking Supervision)

Currency Converters
Bloomberg
OANDA: The Currency Site
164-Currency Converter (OANDA)
Universal Currency Converter (Xenon)

Glossaries
Glossary of FOREX Terms (e-tradeforex.com)
Glossary of FOREX Terms (Tamb International)
Glossary of International Trade Terms (Chase Leavitt & Co.)
Language of International Business (Thomas Lairson)

Tutorials
Foreign Currency Exchange Markets (TurboFOREX)
Foreign Exchange Markets in the United States (pdf from the Federal Reserve)
International Payment and Exchange (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Some Basic Concepts (NY Fed)

Articles
Analysis and Design of the Internet Payment System (Kiyoon Sung, KAIST)
Electronic Commerce (K. Höglund, Helsinki Univ. of Technology)
Emerging New Electronic Money Systems (Hitachi) EXCELLENT
Financial Transaction Models in the Electronic World (HP)
Future of Money (Robert Knautz)
Internet Will Shake Banking's Medieval Foundations (Nehmzow)
Long-Term Perspective on Electronic Commerce (Eric Hughes)
Models of Electronic Commerce (P. Aukia)

Companies
eFunds Corporation
NetOpus, Inc. (Sales Associate electronic storefront)
Open Market (electronic storefronts)
Preview Systems (eCommerce solutions)
Verfone (e-payment soutions.  Division of Hewlett-Packard)

Glossaries
Automated Teller Machines (Mellon Bank)
Epayment Terms (epaynews.com)
European Glossary (APACS)
International trade terms (Empire State Development)
Payment mechanism terms (Fed. Res. Bank of Chicago)
Payment services industry terms (Southern DataComm, Inc.)
Payment terms (E. Milian)
Payments, clearance and settlements glossary (Univ. of Rostock)
Terminology of International Banking (Transaction Net)

Lists of links
Bibliography of Electronic Payment Information (Stanford)
CIO's Electronic Commerce Page (State Govt. of Utah)
Electronic Commerce (Univ. of Utah)
Electronic Money (Tilberg Univ)
Electronic Payments Library (American Bar Association)
Electronic Payment Systems Reference (Comedia)
ePSO Database of Payment Systems
Interesting Electronic Commerce Pages (Stanford)
Internet Commerce Protocols and Standards (Varian's list)
Links to Payments-Related Websites (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)
Network Payment Mechanisms and Digital Cash (M.E. Peirce)
Payment Mechanisms Designed for the Internet (M.E. Peirce, VERY comprehensive; lists about 80 systems)
Payment Methods (Transaction Net)

Organizations
American Bar Association Electronic Commerce Payment Committee
Financial Services Technology Consortium (FSTC)
International Secure Electronic Transactions Organization (ISETO)
National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA)

Overviews of Internet Payment Systems
Bank Internet Payment System (BIPS) (FSTC)
B2B Payment Processing (b2business.net)
Electronic Money/Internet Payment Systems (Scott Richards)
Federal Reserve Payment Systems Resource Center
Online Payment Systems (Congressional Budget Office)
Payment Systems (Electronic Commerce Handbook)
Payment Systems and Theories
Payments, Clearance and Settlement (GAO) EXCELLENT AND ESSENTIAL
Review of Internet Payments Schemes (Beadle et al.)
Summary of Electronic Payment Systems

Periodicals
Electronic Commerce (International Chamber of Commerce)
Electronic Commerce Guide
Electronic Transaction and Banking News (allEC.com)
epaynews.com
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Payment Systems News (Mid-America Payment Exchange)

Statistics
Bureau of Engraving and Printing Facts and Trivia
Ecommerce statistics (epaynews.com)
Epayment Statistics (epaynews.com)
Financial data (forecasts.org)

Tutorials
Credits and Debits on the Internet (M. Sirbu, CMU)
Electronic Commerce and the Banking Industry (Andreas Crede)
Electronic Payment Schemes (Hallam-Baker)
Electronic Payment Standards (Diffuse Project)
Electronic Payment Systems (slide show by Clifford Neumann)
Electronic Payment Systems (slides by Alfred Weaver, Univ. of Virginia)
FDIC Manual of Examination Policies
Federal Reserve Financial Services
Fedpoints (articles on various topics by the Federal Reserve)
Guide to Electronic Payment (Diffuse Project)
How Money Systems Work (transaction.net)
Introduction to the Fed (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas)
Joint Electronic Payment Initiative (JEPI)
Methods of Payment (USDA, explains letters of credit, bills of lading)
Requirements for Internet Electronic Commerce (HP)
Secure Electronic Commerce (pdf from IBM Zurich)
Token and Notational Money in Electronic Commerce (Camp, Sirbu, Tygar)

Glossaries

Lists of links
IBM micropayment links

Millicent
Millicent
The Millicent Protocol for Inexpensive Electronic Commerce (Glassman et al.)

Protocols
Common Markup for micropayment per-fee-links (W3C)
Micro Payment Transfer Protocol (MPTP) Version 0.1 (W3C)

Systems
1ClickCharge (for digitall-delivered content)
Clickshare
Cybank
CyberCash
IBM Micropayments
MICRO Gateway (Auric Web)
Millicent (Compaq/Digital)
NetBill (CMU)
NetFare
QPass (aggregator)

Tutorials

Digital Rights Management
InterTrust

Smart Cards
Differential Power Analysis
How to Write a JavaCard Applet (Java World)
IBM Smart Card Solution Elements
Java Cards (Sun)
NetCard
Smart Card FAQ
Smart Card Hazards
Smart Card Industry Association (SCIA)
Smart Card Links (epaynews.com)
Smart Card Links (Melnikov)
Smart Card News
Smart Card Organization
Smart Card Resource Center (AMERKORE international)
Smart Card Specifications (VISA)
Smart Cards and Electronic Commerce (3-G Int'l., pdf slides) EXCELLENT slide show
Smart Cards and Electronic Payment Systems (UCL Microelectronic Laboratory)
Tamper Resistance - A Cautionary Note (Attacking Smart Cards)
Virtual Smart Card (Solomon Decision Support)

Vendors
e-stamp (private vendor licensed by U.S. Postal Service)
Postage by Phone (Pitney Bowes)
PostagePlus (private vendor licensed by U.S. Postal Service)
stamps.com (private vendor licensed by U.S. Postal Service)
Stampsonline (U.S. Postal Service)

ASN.1
Abstract Syntax Notation (Kevin Cassel)
ASN Links (Objective Systems, Inc.)
ASN.1 (whatis.com)
ASN.1 Glossary (OSS Nokalva)
ASN.1 Homepage (Philipp Hoschka, INRIA)
ASN.1 Information Site (France Telecom)
ASN.1 Resources (OSS Nokalva) EXCELLENT
ASN.1 The Tutorial and Reference (Steedman)
ASN.1 Tutorial (from John Larmouth's Book, Understanding OSI)
ASN.1: Wherefore Art Thou? (Brian Tung)
Layman's Guide to ASN.1 (RSA)
SET ASN.1 (OSS Nokalva)
SET Definition in ASN.1 (OSS)

JEPI (Joint Electronic Payment Initiative)
JEPI Demonstrator
PEP (Protocol Extension Protocol) specification
UPP (Universal Payment Preamble) specification

Glossaries
Network payment protocol terms (FSTC)
X9 glossary

iKP
Internet Keyed Payment Protocols (IBM)
Internet Keyed Payments Protocol (iKP) (IBM Research) Thorough description of iKP
Overview (IBM Zurich)

Lists of links

MPTP (Micro Payment Transfer Protocol)
Micro Payment Transfer Protocol (MPTP) Version 0.1 (W3C)

SDML (Signed Document Markup Language)
SDML - Signed Document Markup Language (FSTC)

SET
About SET (Globeset Global Secure Transactions)
Building Blocks of SET (RSA)
C-SET (Chip SET)
Merchants Supporting SET
NetPay SET Glossary
SET at VISA
SET Glossary (MasterCard)
SET Links (epaynews.com)
SET Programmer's Guide (Over 600 pages of SET details.  Critical if you want to know how SET really works.)
SET Specification
Setting the Stage for Safe Internet Shopping (MasterCard, includes demo)

SSL
How SSL Works (Netscape)
SSL FAQ (Consensus Development Corporation)
SSL Overview (Univ. of Bristol)
SSL Server Glossary (Netcraft)

Tutorials

X.509
What Are X.509 Certificates? (UC Irvine)
Wide Area Wireless Computing (Peter Rysavy)
X.509 Encoding of Diffie-Hellman Public Values (Sun Microsystems)
X.509 Style Guide (Peter Gutmann)

X9
Introduction to Cryptographic Standards (Ankney)
What are ANSI X9 Standards? (RSA)
X9 Overview (X9.org)

Wallets
Java Wallets (ComputerWorld)

Articles
Authentication on the Internet (Okun)
Economic Modeling and RIsk Management in Public Key Infrastructures (Masse et al.)

Glossaries

Lists of links

Tutorials
Payments, Clearance and Settlement (GAO) EXCELLENT AND ESSENTIAL
Risk to Corporate Originators Using the Automated Clearing House for Large-Value Payments (NACHA)

AES (Rijndael)
AES Advanced Encryption Standard (NIST)
Pequi: A PKIX Implementation for Secure Communication (Silva & Stanton)
Rijndael Block Cipher (Technion)
Rijndael page

Articles
Essential Role of Trusted Third Parties in Electronic Commerce (Froomkin)
Security of Electronic Money (Group of Ten)

Biometrics
Biometric Glossary (Unisys)

Certification Authorities
ARCANVS Inc. Certification Practice Statement
Certification Authority Guidelines in Japan
Digicert Certification Practice Statement

Cryptography
AT&T Cryptographic Development Kits
Cryptographic Algorithms (infosyssec.org)
Cryptographic Algorithms (SSH Communications Security Ltd.)
Cryptography AND Authentication Services
Cryptography and Number Theory for Digital Cash (Grabbe) ADVANCED
Cryptography FAQ (RSA)
Cryptography Standards and Infratsructures for the Twenty-First Century (NIST)
Financial Cryptography (Systemics Ltd.) Comprehensive seven-layer view
Middleware (Datamation)
Perspectives on Financial Cryptography (Rivest) PowerPoint presentation
What is Diffie-Hellman?

Demos
Elliptic Curves applet (Certicom)
Encryption/Decryption demo applet

DES
DES FAQ (RSA)
FIPS 46-2 (Data Encryption Standars)
How to Implement the Data Encryption Standard (DES) (MSU)

Digital Certificates
Baltimore (formerly GTE Cybertrust)
BelSign (Belgium) Certificate authority for Europe
BT TrustWise (United Kingdon)
CertCo
Certification Authority FAQ
Certificate Administrator's Handbook (VeriSign)
Certisign (Brazil)
CIBC (Canadian Imperial Bank)
DigiCert (Malaysia)
Digital Certificate (X.509) Management (IBM)
Entrust Technologies
Equifax
GCA (Taiwan Government Certification Authority, in Chinese)
GlobalSign
HiTrust (Taiwan, in Chinese)
Hong Kong Post (Hong Kong)
IBM SecureWay
Identity authentication and e-commerce (Matthew Ford)
IKS Zertifizierungsinstanz (Germany)
Inter Clear (UK)
KMD-CA (Denmark, in Danish)
mTrust (Malaysia)
Overview of Certification Systems
Package java.security.cert (Sun) For manipulating digital certificates
SignKorea (Korea, in Korean)
SureSign (Australia)
TC Trust Center (Germany, in German)
Thawte Certification
Trust Factory (Italy)
ValiCert
VeriSign Digital ID Center (Obtain your own digital certificate.  60 days free.)
WiseKey (Switzerland)
Xcert
X.509 Certificates (Dr. Dobb's Journal)
Yes Sign (Korea, in Korean)

Digital Signatures
Account Authority Digital Signature (AADS) Model
AADS presentation (Lynn Wheeler)

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (Integrity Sciences)
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (RSA)
Online Tutorial (Certicom) EXCELLENT

Glossaries
Internet Security Glossary (RFC 2828)

Message Digests
MD5 in JavaScript (demo)
RFC 1321 - The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm (Rivest)

Products
IBM Vault Registry
Tripwire

Public Key Infrastructure
NIST PKI Program
PKI Page (State of Massachusetts)
Role of Certification Authorities in Consumer Transactions (ILPF)
Survey of Public-Key Infrastructures
Transactions and Order Taking (Robert Niles) About digital certificates
VISA Public Keys

Secure Hash Algorithm
FIPS 180-1 (Secure Hash Standard)
RFC-1852 IP Authentication Using Keyed SHA
RSA Labs FAQ
Secure Hash Standard

Tutorials
Cryptography Mini-Tutorial (Dr. William Moore)
Secure Electronic Commerce (Waidner, pdf slides) EXCELLENT but advanced.   114 pages
Tokens of Trust: DIfferent Certificates for Different Trust Models (Yang et al.)

Tutorials
Electronic Payment Standards (Diffuse Project)